前言
在学习stm32的外设-超声波模块(HC-SR04),遇到了一些困难,因为cubemx无法直接使用超声波的模板(需要自己改动),故写下此篇文章,提醒自己的同时也想去给小白一下建议
准备工作
外设的连接
超声波模块有四个引脚
GND–GND
TRIG–PB11
ECHO–PB10(需打开此引脚对应的定时器通道)
VCC–5V的电压(若为最小开发版需要链接stlink的5V!!!!)
1.我们需要看清楚连接的引脚这是最重要的一步
2.需要确保超声波模块连接的是5V电压
3.注意要给PB10引脚下拉电阻
cubemx的配置
这里就不详细展开了,我们只需要打开定时器的中断,并且配置其中的一个通道为输入捕获通道即可
(ECHO所连接的引脚),用到的知识点是输入捕获故不懂的小白可以先去学习这部分的知识
工作原理
我们给TRIG引脚一个10us的高电平即可触发超声波模块发射8个40khz的声波,然后ECHO端便会收到返回来的声波,这个时间就是声波来回的时间,根据这个我们便可以大概算出来这个距离,然后在发给串口即可
需要用到的相关函数
//关于定时器捕获的 HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3); /开启定时器的捕获中断 HAL_TIM_IC_Stop_IT(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3); /关闭定时器的捕获中断 HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_3);/获取当前的捕获值 __HAL_TIM_SET_CAPTUREPOLARITY(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING);/修改为上升沿捕获 __HAL_TIM_SET_CAPTUREPOLARITY(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_FALLING);/修改为下降沿捕获 __HAL_TIM_SET_COUNTER(&htim2,0); //设置计数寄存器的值变为0 void HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim)/重写中断回调函数 //关于串口输出的 先重写printf函数 //支持printf函数,而不需要选择use MicroLIB #if 1 #pragma import(__use_no_semihosting) //标准库需要的支持函数 struct __FILE { int handle; }; FILE __stdout; //定义_sys_exit()以避免使用半主机模式 void _sys_exit(int x) { x = x; } //重定义fputc函数 int fputc(int ch, FILE *f) { while((USART1->SR&0X40)==0);//循环发送,直到发送完毕 USART1->DR = (uint8_t) ch; return ch; } #endif /直接写到uart.c就好(记得引入<stdio.h>) spritnf()用于将数据转化为字符串形式用,printf输出信息
代码的编写
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */ /** ****************************************************************************** * @file : main.c * @brief : Main program body ****************************************************************************** * @attention * * Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics. * All rights reserved. * * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file * in the root directory of this software component. * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS. * ****************************************************************************** */ /* USER CODE END Header */ /* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include "main.h" #include "tim.h" #include "usart.h" #include "gpio.h" /* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */ #include<stdio.h> /* USER CODE END Includes */ /* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */ /* USER CODE END PTD */ /* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PD */ /* USER CODE END PD */ /* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PM */ /* USER CODE END PM */ /* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN PV */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ uint32_t capture_Buf[2] = {0}; //存放计数值 uint8_t capture_Cnt = 0; //状态标志位 uint32_t high_time; //高电平时间 /* USER CODE END 0 */ /* USER CODE END PV */ /* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/ void SystemClock_Config(void); /* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */ /* USER CODE END PFP */ /* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/ /* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */ void Supersonic_Start() { HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TRIG_GPIO_Port,TRIG_Pin,GPIO_PIN_SET); HAL_Delay(5); HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TRIG_GPIO_Port,TRIG_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET); } /* USER CODE END 0 */ /** * @brief The application entry point. * @retval int */ int main(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */ /* USER CODE END 1 */ /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/ /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */ HAL_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */ /* USER CODE END Init */ /* Configure the system clock */ SystemClock_Config(); /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */ /* USER CODE END SysInit */ /* Initialize all configured peripherals */ MX_GPIO_Init(); MX_TIM2_Init(); MX_USART2_UART_Init(); /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */ /* USER CODE END 2 */ /* Infinite loop */ /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */ while (1) { /* USER CODE END WHILE */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */ HAL_GPIO_TogglePin(LED_G_GPIO_Port,LED_G_Pin); switch (capture_Cnt){ case 0: //printf("1"); capture_Cnt++; __HAL_TIM_SET_CAPTUREPOLARITY(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING); HAL_TIM_IC_Start_IT(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3); //启动输入捕获 或者: __HAL_TIM_ENABLE(&htim2); Supersonic_Start(); break; case 3: //printf("4"); high_time = capture_Buf[1]- capture_Buf[0]; //高电平时间 //HAL_UART_Transmit(&huart2, (uint8_t *)high_time, 1, 0xffff); //发送高电平时间 float data = high_time*0.017; char buf[20]; sprintf(buf,"%2.2f",data); printf("距离是:%s cm ",buf); HAL_Delay(1000); //延时1S //__HAL_TIM_SET_CAPTUREPOLARITY(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_3,0); capture_Cnt = 0; //清空标志 break; } } /* USER CODE END 3 */ } /** * @brief System Clock Configuration * @retval None */ void SystemClock_Config(void) { RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0}; RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0}; /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure. */ RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1; RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE; RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9; if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks */ RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK; RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2; RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1; if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK) { Error_Handler(); } } /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */ /* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */ void HAL_TIM_IC_CaptureCallback(TIM_HandleTypeDef *htim) { if(TIM2 == htim->Instance) { switch(capture_Cnt){ case 1: capture_Buf[0] = HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_3);//获取当前的捕获值. __HAL_TIM_SET_CAPTUREPOLARITY(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_FALLING); capture_Cnt++; break; case 2: //HAL_GPIO_WritePin(LED_R_GPIO_Port,LED_R_Pin,GPIO_PIN_RESET); capture_Buf[1] = HAL_TIM_ReadCapturedValue(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_3);//获取当前的捕获值. HAL_TIM_IC_Stop_IT(&htim2,TIM_CHANNEL_3); //停止捕获 或者: __HAL_TIM_DISABLE(&htim2); __HAL_TIM_SET_CAPTUREPOLARITY(&htim2, TIM_CHANNEL_3, TIM_INPUTCHANNELPOLARITY_RISING); capture_Cnt++; break; } } } /* USER CODE END 4 */ /** * @brief This function is executed in case of error occurrence. * @retval None */ void Error_Handler(void) { /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */ __disable_irq(); while (1) { } /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */ } #ifdef USE_FULL_ASSERT /** * @brief Reports the name of the source file and the source line number * where the assert_param error has occurred. * @param file: pointer to the source file name * @param line: assert_param error line source number * @retval None */ void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line) { /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */ /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number, ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d ", file, line) */ /* USER CODE END 6 */ } #endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */
这段代码是有借鉴别的博主,我觉得这个定时器捕获的思路非常好,同时记得中断回调函数的重写
以及数据的清零
代码思路
首先定义状态标志量以及用于储存数据的数组,随后在主循环里我们要做两件事
第一件是启动定时器捕获,并且驱动超声波模块
第二件则是对数据清零以及处理捕获到的数据
在中断回调函数中我们需要处理的则是捕获上升沿和下降沿的数据(中间更改捕获的极性)
总结
我们在驱动外设前需要先理解该原理,否则无法成为一个合格的cv工程师,我们需要看的懂别人的代码也需要会修改别人的代码,通过这次学习我学会了如何去调试程序,如果去一个一个地方的排除错误。希望大家能够通过学习外设的同时学会如何调试,如何移植别人的代码