1. 介绍
在我们日常的Java开发中,免不了和其他系统的业务交互,或者微服务之间的接口调用
如果我们想保证数据传输的安全,对接口出参加密,入参解密。
但是不想写重复代码,我们可以提供一个通用starter,提供通用加密解密功能
2. 前置知识
2.1 hutool-crypto加密解密工具
hutool-crypto提供了很多加密解密工具,包括对称加密,非对称加密,摘要加密等等,这不做详细介绍。
2.2 request流只能读取一次的问题
2.2.1 问题:
在接口调用链中,request的请求流只能调用一次,处理之后,如果之后还需要用到请求流获取数据,就会发现数据为空。
比如使用了filter或者aop在接口处理之前,获取了request中的数据,对参数进行了校验,那么之后就不能在获取request请求流了
2.2.2 解决办法
继承
使用Filter过滤器,在一开始,替换request为自己定义的可以多次读取流的request。
这样就实现了流的重复获取
package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils; import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils; import javax.servlet.ReadListener; import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper; import java.io.BufferedReader; import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream; import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStreamReader; /** * 请求流支持多次获取 */ public class InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper { /** * 用于缓存输入流 */ private ByteArrayOutputStream cachedBytes; public InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) { super(request); } @Override public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException { if (cachedBytes == null) { // 首次获取流时,将流放入 缓存输入流 中 cacheInputStream(); } // 从 缓存输入流 中获取流并返回 return new CachedServletInputStream(cachedBytes.toByteArray()); } @Override public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException { return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream())); } /** * 首次获取流时,将流放入 缓存输入流 中 */ private void cacheInputStream() throws IOException { // 缓存输入流以便多次读取。为了方便, 我使用 org.apache.commons IOUtils cachedBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); IOUtils.copy(super.getInputStream(), cachedBytes); } /** * 读取缓存的请求正文的输入流 * <p> * 用于根据 缓存输入流 创建一个可返回的 */ public static class CachedServletInputStream extends ServletInputStream { private final ByteArrayInputStream input; public CachedServletInputStream(byte[] buf) { // 从缓存的请求正文创建一个新的输入流 input = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf); } @Override public boolean isFinished() { return false; } @Override public boolean isReady() { return false; } @Override public void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) { } @Override public int read() throws IOException { return input.read(); } } }
package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.filter; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils.InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper; import javax.servlet.Filter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRequest; import javax.servlet.ServletResponse; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; import static org.springframework.core.Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE; /** * @author HLH * @description: * 请求流转换为多次读取的请求流 过滤器 * @email [email protected] * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:58 */ @Component @Order(HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1) // 优先级最高 public class HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter implements Filter { @Override public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { // 转换为可以多次获取流的request HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request; InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper = new InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(httpServletRequest); // 放行 chain.doFilter(inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper, response); } }
2.3 SpringBoot的参数校验validation
为了减少接口中,业务代码之前的大量冗余的参数校验代码
这种方法,必须要求在接口参数上加注解
但是很多清空下,我们希望在代码中调用某个实体类的校验功能,所以需要如下工具类
package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception; import lombok.Getter; import java.util.List; /** * @author HLH * @description 自定义参数异常 * @email [email protected] * @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56 */ @Getter public class ParamException extends Exception { private final List<String> fieldList; private final List<String> msgList; public ParamException(List<String> fieldList, List<String> msgList) { this.fieldList = fieldList; this.msgList = msgList; } }
package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils; import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.CustomizeException; import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.ParamException; import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation; import javax.validation.Validation; import javax.validation.Validator; import java.util.LinkedList; import java.util.List; import java.util.Set; /** * @author HLH * @description 验证工具类 * @email [email protected] * @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56 */ public class ValidationUtils { private static final Validator VALIDATOR = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator(); /** * 验证数据 * @param object 数据 */ public static void validate(Object object) throws CustomizeException { Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object); // 验证结果异常 throwParamException(validate); } /** * 验证数据(分组) * @param object 数据 * @param groups 所在组 */ public static void validate(Object object, Class<?> ... groups) throws CustomizeException { Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object, groups); // 验证结果异常 throwParamException(validate); } /** * 验证数据中的某个字段(分组) * @param object 数据 * @param propertyName 字段名称 */ public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName) throws CustomizeException { Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName); // 验证结果异常 throwParamException(validate); } /** * 验证数据中的某个字段(分组) * @param object 数据 * @param propertyName 字段名称 * @param groups 所在组 */ public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName, Class<?> ... groups) throws CustomizeException { Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName, groups); // 验证结果异常 throwParamException(validate); } /** * 验证结果异常 * @param validate 验证结果 */ private static void throwParamException(Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate) throws CustomizeException { if (validate.size() > 0) { List<String> fieldList = new LinkedList<>(); List<String> msgList = new LinkedList<>(); for (ConstraintViolation<Object> next : validate) { fieldList.add(next.getPropertyPath().toString()); msgList.add(next.getMessage()); } throw new ParamException(fieldList, msgList); } } }
2.4 自定义starter
自定义starter步骤
-
创建工厂,编写功能代码
-
声明自动配置类,把需要对外提供的对象创建好,通过配置类统一向外暴露
-
在resource目录下准备一个名为
spring/spring.factories 的文件,以org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration 为key,自动配置类为value列表,进行注册
2.5 RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice
-
RequestBodyAdvice 是对请求的json串进行处理, 一般使用环境是处理接口参数的自动解密 -
ResponseBodyAdvice 是对请求相应的jsoin传进行处理,一般用于相应结果的加密
3. 功能介绍
接口相应数据的时候,返回的是加密之后的数据 接口入参的时候,接收的是解密之后的数据,但是在进入接口之前,会自动解密,取得对应的数据
4. 功能细节
加密解密使用对称加密的AES算法,使用hutool-crypto模块进行实现
所有的实体类提取一个公共父类,包含属性时间戳,用于加密数据返回之后的实效性,如果超过60分钟,那么其他接口将不进行处理。
如果接口加了加密注解
如果接口加了解密注解
功能提供Springboot的starter,实现开箱即用
5. 代码实现
https://gitee.com/springboot-hlh/spring-boot-csdn/tree/master/09-spring-boot-interface-crypto
5.1 项目结构
图片
5.2 crypto-common
5.2.1 结构
5.3 crypto-spring-boot-starter
5.3.1 接口
5.3.2 重要代码
crypto.properties AES需要的参数配置
crypto.mode=CTS # 补码方式 cn.hutool.crypto.Mode crypto.padding=PKCS5Padding # 秘钥 crypto.key=testkey123456789 # 盐 crypto.iv=testiv1234567890
spring.factories 自动配置文件
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration= xyz.hlh.crypto.config.AppConfig```
CryptConfigAES需要的配置参数。另外,搜索公众号编程技术圈后台回复“Java”,获取一份惊喜礼包。
package xyz.hlh.crypto.config; import cn.hutool.crypto.Mode; import cn.hutool.crypto.Padding; import lombok.Data; import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode; import lombok.Getter; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import java.io.Serializable; /** * @author HLH * @description: AES需要的配置参数 * @email [email protected] * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:16 */ @Configuration @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "crypto") @PropertySource("classpath:crypto.properties") @Data @EqualsAndHashCode @Getter public class CryptConfig implements Serializable { private Mode mode; private Padding padding; private String key; private String iv; }
AppConfig 自动配置类
package xyz.hlh.crypto.config; import cn.hutool.crypto.symmetric.AES; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import javax.annotation.Resource; import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets; /** * @author HLH * @description: 自动配置类 * @email [email protected] * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:12 */ @Configuration public class AppConfig { @Resource private CryptConfig cryptConfig; @Bean public AES aes() { return new AES(cryptConfig.getMode(), cryptConfig.getPadding(), cryptConfig.getKey().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), cryptConfig.getIv().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)); } }
package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import lombok.SneakyThrows; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter; import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage; import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes; import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder; import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice; import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation; import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.ParamException; import xyz.hlh.crypto.constant.CryptoConstant; import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase; import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestData; import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil; import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.io.IOException; import java.lang.reflect.Type; /** * @author HLH * @description: requestBody 自动解密 * @email [email protected] * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12 */ @ControllerAdvice public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice { @Autowired private ObjectMapper objectMapper; /** * 方法上有DecryptionAnnotation注解的,进入此拦截器 * @param methodParameter 方法参数对象 * @param targetType 参数的类型 * @param converterType 消息转换器 * @return true,进入,false,跳过 */ @Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { return methodParameter.hasMethodAnnotation(DecryptionAnnotation.class); } @Override public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException { return inputMessage; } /** * 转换之后,执行此方法,解密,赋值 * @param body spring解析完的参数 * @param inputMessage 输入参数 * @param parameter 参数对象 * @param targetType 参数类型 * @param converterType 消息转换类型 * @return 真实的参数 */ @SneakyThrows @Override public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { // 获取request RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes(); ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes; if (servletRequestAttributes == null) { throw new ParamException("request错误"); } HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest(); // 获取数据 ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream(); RequestData requestData = objectMapper.readValue(inputStream, RequestData.class); if (requestData == null || StringUtils.isBlank(requestData.getText())) { throw new ParamException("参数错误"); } // 获取加密的数据 String text = requestData.getText(); // 放入解密之前的数据 request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_ORIGINAL_DATA, text); // 解密 String decryptText = null; try { decryptText = AESUtil.decrypt(text); } catch (Exception e) { throw new ParamException("解密失败"); } if (StringUtils.isBlank(decryptText)) { throw new ParamException("解密失败"); } // 放入解密之后的数据 request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_DECRYPT_DATA, decryptText); // 获取结果 Object result = objectMapper.readValue(decryptText, body.getClass()); // 强制所有实体类必须继承RequestBase类,设置时间戳 if (result instanceof RequestBase) { // 获取时间戳 Long currentTimeMillis = ((RequestBase) result).getCurrentTimeMillis(); // 有效期 60秒 long effective = 60*1000; // 时间差 long expire = System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTimeMillis; // 是否在有效期内 if (Math.abs(expire) > effective) { throw new ParamException("时间戳不合法"); } // 返回解密之后的数据 return result; } else { throw new ParamException(String.format("请求参数类型:%s 未继承:%s", result.getClass().getName(), RequestBase.class.getName())); } } /** * 如果body为空,转为空对象 * @param body spring解析完的参数 * @param inputMessage 输入参数 * @param parameter 参数对象 * @param targetType 参数类型 * @param converterType 消息转换类型 * @return 真实的参数 */ @SneakyThrows @Override public Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { String typeName = targetType.getTypeName(); Class<?> bodyClass = Class.forName(typeName); return bodyClass.newInstance(); } }
package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice; import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import lombok.SneakyThrows; import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter; import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest; import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice; import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice; import sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl; import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation; import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result; import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.CryptoException; import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase; import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil; import java.lang.reflect.Type; /** * @author HLH * @description: * @email [email protected] * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12 */ @ControllerAdvice public class EncryptResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Result<?>> { @Autowired private ObjectMapper objectMapper; @Override public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) { ParameterizedTypeImpl genericParameterType = (ParameterizedTypeImpl)returnType.getGenericParameterType(); // 如果直接是Result,则返回 if (genericParameterType.getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) { return true; } if (genericParameterType.getRawType() != ResponseEntity.class) { return false; } // 如果是ResponseEntity<Result> for (Type type : genericParameterType.getActualTypeArguments()) { if (((ParameterizedTypeImpl) type).getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) { return true; } } return false; } @SneakyThrows @Override public Result<?> beforeBodyWrite(Result<?> body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) { // 加密 Object data = body.getData(); // 如果data为空,直接返回 if (data == null) { return body; } // 如果是实体,并且继承了Request,则放入时间戳 if (data instanceof RequestBase) { ((RequestBase)data).setCurrentTimeMillis(System.currentTimeMillis()); } String dataText = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(data); // 如果data为空,直接返回 if (StringUtils.isBlank(dataText)) { return body; } // 如果位数小于16,报错 if (dataText.length() < 16) { throw new CryptoException("加密失败,数据小于16位"); } String encryptText = AESUtil.encryptHex(dataText); return Result.builder() .status(body.getStatus()) .data(encryptText) .message(body.getMessage()) .build(); } }
5.4 crypto-test
5.4.1 结构
5.4.2 重要代码
application.yml 配置文件。另外,搜索公众号GitHub猿后台回复“赚钱”,获取一份惊喜礼包。
spring: mvc: format: date-time: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss date: yyyy-MM-dd # 日期格式化 jackson: date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
Teacher 实体类
package xyz.hlh.crypto.entity; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode; import lombok.NoArgsConstructor; import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range; import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank; import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull; import java.io.Serializable; import java.util.Date; /** * @author HLH * @description: Teacher实体类,使用SpringBoot的validation校验 * @email [email protected] * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 10:21 */ @Data @NoArgsConstructor @AllArgsConstructor @EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true) public class Teacher extends RequestBase implements Serializable { @NotBlank(message = "姓名不能为空") private String name; @NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空") @Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年龄不合法") private Integer age; @NotNull(message = "生日不能为空") private Date birthday; }
TestController 测试Controllerbu
package xyz.hlh.crypto.controller; import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity; import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation; import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation; import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result; import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.ResultBuilder; import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.Teacher; /** * @author HLH * @description: 测试Controller * @email [email protected] * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:16 */ @RestController public class TestController implements ResultBuilder { /** * 直接返回对象,不加密 * @param teacher Teacher对象 * @return 不加密的对象 */ @PostMapping("/get") public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> get(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) { return success(teacher); } /** * 返回加密后的数据 * @param teacher Teacher对象 * @return 返回加密后的数据 ResponseBody<Result>格式 */ @PostMapping("/encrypt") @EncryptionAnnotation public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> encrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) { return success(teacher); } /** * 返回加密后的数据 * @param teacher Teacher对象 * @return 返回加密后的数据 Result格式 */ @PostMapping("/encrypt1") @EncryptionAnnotation public Result<?> encrypt1(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) { return success(teacher).getBody(); } /** * 返回解密后的数据 * @param teacher Teacher对象 * @return 返回解密后的数据 */ @PostMapping("/decrypt") @DecryptionAnnotation public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> decrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) { return success(teacher); } }
注:文中部分来源于网络