技术SpringBoot 接口怎么加密解密

1. 介绍

在我们日常的Java开发中,免不了和其他系统的业务交互,或者微服务之间的接口调用

如果我们想保证数据传输的安全,对接口出参加密,入参解密。

但是不想写重复代码,我们可以提供一个通用starter,提供通用加密解密功能

2. 前置知识

2.1 hutool-crypto加密解密工具

hutool-crypto提供了很多加密解密工具,包括对称加密,非对称加密,摘要加密等等,这不做详细介绍。

2.2 request流只能读取一次的问题

2.2.1 问题:

在接口调用链中,request的请求流只能调用一次,处理之后,如果之后还需要用到请求流获取数据,就会发现数据为空。

比如使用了filter或者aop在接口处理之前,获取了request中的数据,对参数进行了校验,那么之后就不能在获取request请求流了

2.2.2 解决办法

继承HttpServletRequestWrapper,将请求中的流copy一份,复写getInputStream和getReader方法供外部使用。每次调用后的getInputStream方法都是从复制出来的二进制数组中进行获取,这个二进制数组在对象存在期间一致存在。

使用Filter过滤器,在一开始,替换request为自己定义的可以多次读取流的request。

这样就实现了流的重复获取

InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils;

import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import javax.servlet.ReadListener;
import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;

/**
 * 请求流支持多次获取
 */
public class InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {

    /**
     * 用于缓存输入流
     */
    private ByteArrayOutputStream cachedBytes;

    public InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {
        super(request);
    }

    @Override
    public ServletInputStream getInputStream() throws IOException {
        if (cachedBytes == null) {
            // 首次获取流时,将流放入 缓存输入流 中
            cacheInputStream();
        }

        // 从 缓存输入流 中获取流并返回
        return new CachedServletInputStream(cachedBytes.toByteArray());
    }

    @Override
    public BufferedReader getReader() throws IOException {
        return new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(getInputStream()));
    }

    /**
     * 首次获取流时,将流放入 缓存输入流 中
     */
    private void cacheInputStream() throws IOException {
        // 缓存输入流以便多次读取。为了方便, 我使用 org.apache.commons IOUtils
        cachedBytes = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        IOUtils.copy(super.getInputStream(), cachedBytes);
    }

    /**
     * 读取缓存的请求正文的输入流
     * <p>
     * 用于根据 缓存输入流 创建一个可返回的
     */
    public static class CachedServletInputStream extends ServletInputStream {

        private final ByteArrayInputStream input;

        public CachedServletInputStream(byte[] buf) {
            // 从缓存的请求正文创建一个新的输入流
            input = new ByteArrayInputStream(buf);
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isFinished() {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean isReady() {
            return false;
        }

        @Override
        public void setReadListener(ReadListener listener) {

        }

        @Override
        public int read() throws IOException {
            return input.read();
        }
    }

}

HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.filter;

import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils.InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper;

import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;

import static org.springframework.core.Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description:
 *      请求流转换为多次读取的请求流 过滤器
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:58
 */
@Component
@Order(HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1)  // 优先级最高
public class HttpServletRequestInputStreamFilter implements Filter {

    @Override
    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {

        // 转换为可以多次获取流的request
        HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
        InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper = new InputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper(httpServletRequest);

        // 放行
        chain.doFilter(inputStreamHttpServletRequestWrapper, response);
    }
}

2.3 SpringBoot的参数校验validation

为了减少接口中,业务代码之前的大量冗余的参数校验代码

SpringBoot-validation提供了优雅的参数校验,入参都是实体类,在实体类字段上加上对应注解,就可以在进入方法之前,进行参数校验,如果参数错误,会抛出错误BindException,是不会进入方法的。

这种方法,必须要求在接口参数上加注解@Validated或者是@Valid

但是很多清空下,我们希望在代码中调用某个实体类的校验功能,所以需要如下工具类

ParamException

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception;

import lombok.Getter;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description 自定义参数异常
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56
 */
@Getter
public class ParamException extends Exception {

    private final List<String> fieldList;
    private final List<String> msgList;

    public ParamException(List<String> fieldList, List<String> msgList) {
        this.fieldList = fieldList;
        this.msgList = msgList;
    }
}

ValidationUtils

package xyz.hlh.cryptotest.utils;

import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.CustomizeException;
import xyz.hlh.cryptotest.exception.ParamException;

import javax.validation.ConstraintViolation;
import javax.validation.Validation;
import javax.validation.Validator;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description 验证工具类
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date Created in 2021/8/10 下午10:56
 */
public class ValidationUtils {

    private static final Validator VALIDATOR = Validation.buildDefaultValidatorFactory().getValidator();

    /**
     * 验证数据
     * @param object 数据
     */
    public static void validate(Object object) throws CustomizeException {

        Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object);

        // 验证结果异常
        throwParamException(validate);
    }

    /**
     * 验证数据(分组)
     * @param object 数据
     * @param groups 所在组
     */
    public static void validate(Object object, Class<?> ... groups) throws CustomizeException {

        Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validate(object, groups);

        // 验证结果异常
        throwParamException(validate);
    }

    /**
     * 验证数据中的某个字段(分组)
     * @param object 数据
     * @param propertyName 字段名称
     */
    public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName) throws CustomizeException {
        Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName);

        // 验证结果异常
        throwParamException(validate);

    }

    /**
     * 验证数据中的某个字段(分组)
     * @param object 数据
     * @param propertyName 字段名称
     * @param groups 所在组
     */
    public static void validate(Object object, String propertyName, Class<?> ... groups) throws CustomizeException {

        Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate = VALIDATOR.validateProperty(object, propertyName, groups);

        // 验证结果异常
        throwParamException(validate);

    }

    /**
     * 验证结果异常
     * @param validate 验证结果
     */
    private static void throwParamException(Set<ConstraintViolation<Object>> validate) throws CustomizeException {
        if (validate.size() > 0) {
            List<String> fieldList = new LinkedList<>();
            List<String> msgList = new LinkedList<>();
            for (ConstraintViolation<Object> next : validate) {
                fieldList.add(next.getPropertyPath().toString());
                msgList.add(next.getMessage());
            }

            throw new ParamException(fieldList, msgList);
        }
    }

}

2.4 自定义starter

自定义starter步骤

  • 创建工厂,编写功能代码

  • 声明自动配置类,把需要对外提供的对象创建好,通过配置类统一向外暴露

  • 在resource目录下准备一个名为spring/spring.factories的文件,以org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration为key,自动配置类为value列表,进行注册

2.5 RequestBodyAdvice和ResponseBodyAdvice

  • RequestBodyAdvice是对请求的json串进行处理, 一般使用环境是处理接口参数的自动解密

  • ResponseBodyAdvice是对请求相应的jsoin传进行处理,一般用于相应结果的加密

3. 功能介绍

接口相应数据的时候,返回的是加密之后的数据 接口入参的时候,接收的是解密之后的数据,但是在进入接口之前,会自动解密,取得对应的数据

4. 功能细节

加密解密使用对称加密的AES算法,使用hutool-crypto模块进行实现

所有的实体类提取一个公共父类,包含属性时间戳,用于加密数据返回之后的实效性,如果超过60分钟,那么其他接口将不进行处理。

如果接口加了加密注解EncryptionAnnotation,并且返回统一的json数据Result类,则自动对数据进行加密。如果是继承了统一父类RequestBase的数据,自动注入时间戳,确保数据的时效性

如果接口加了解密注解DecryptionAnnotation,并且参数使用RequestBody注解标注,传入json使用统一格式RequestData类,并且内容是继承了包含时间长的父类RequestBase,则自动解密,并且转为对应的数据类型

功能提供Springboot的starter,实现开箱即用

5. 代码实现

https://gitee.com/springboot-hlh/spring-boot-csdn/tree/master/09-spring-boot-interface-crypto

5.1 项目结构

图片

5.2 crypto-common

5.2.1 结构

5.3 crypto-spring-boot-starter

5.3.1 接口

5.3.2 重要代码

crypto.properties AES需要的参数配置

        crypto.mode=CTS
        # 补码方式 cn.hutool.crypto.Mode
        crypto.padding=PKCS5Padding
        # 秘钥
        crypto.key=testkey123456789
        # 盐
        crypto.iv=testiv1234567890

spring.factories 自动配置文件

org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration=
        xyz.hlh.crypto.config.AppConfig```

CryptConfigAES需要的配置参数。另外,搜索公众号编程技术圈后台回复“Java”,获取一份惊喜礼包。

package xyz.hlh.crypto.config;

import cn.hutool.crypto.Mode;
import cn.hutool.crypto.Padding;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.Getter;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
import java.io.Serializable;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description: AES需要的配置参数
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:16
 */
@Configuration
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "crypto")
@PropertySource("classpath:crypto.properties")
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode
@Getter
public class CryptConfig implements Serializable {

    private Mode mode;
    private Padding padding;
    private String key;
    private String iv;

}

AppConfig 自动配置类

package xyz.hlh.crypto.config;

import cn.hutool.crypto.symmetric.AES;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description: 自动配置类
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 13:12
 */
@Configuration
public class AppConfig {

    @Resource
    private CryptConfig cryptConfig;

    @Bean
    public AES aes() {
        return new AES(cryptConfig.getMode(), cryptConfig.getPadding(), cryptConfig.getKey().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8), cryptConfig.getIv().getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
    }

}

DecryptRequestBodyAdvice 请求自动解密

package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.HttpInputMessage;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextHolder;
import org.springframework.web.context.request.ServletRequestAttributes;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestBodyAdvice;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.ParamException;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.constant.CryptoConstant;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestData;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil;

import javax.servlet.ServletInputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description: requestBody 自动解密
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12
 */
@ControllerAdvice
public class DecryptRequestBodyAdvice implements RequestBodyAdvice {

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    /**
     * 方法上有DecryptionAnnotation注解的,进入此拦截器
     * @param methodParameter 方法参数对象
     * @param targetType 参数的类型
     * @param converterType 消息转换器
     * @return true,进入,false,跳过
     */
    @Override
    public boolean supports(MethodParameter methodParameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
        return methodParameter.hasMethodAnnotation(DecryptionAnnotation.class);
    }

    @Override
    public HttpInputMessage beforeBodyRead(HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) throws IOException {
        return inputMessage;
    }

    /**
     * 转换之后,执行此方法,解密,赋值
     * @param body spring解析完的参数
     * @param inputMessage 输入参数
     * @param parameter 参数对象
     * @param targetType 参数类型
     * @param converterType 消息转换类型
     * @return 真实的参数
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    @Override
    public Object afterBodyRead(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {

        // 获取request
        RequestAttributes requestAttributes = RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes();
        ServletRequestAttributes servletRequestAttributes = (ServletRequestAttributes) requestAttributes;
        if (servletRequestAttributes == null) {
            throw new ParamException("request错误");
        }

        HttpServletRequest request = servletRequestAttributes.getRequest();

        // 获取数据
        ServletInputStream inputStream = request.getInputStream();
        RequestData requestData = objectMapper.readValue(inputStream, RequestData.class);

        if (requestData == null || StringUtils.isBlank(requestData.getText())) {
            throw new ParamException("参数错误");
        }

        // 获取加密的数据
        String text = requestData.getText();

        // 放入解密之前的数据
        request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_ORIGINAL_DATA, text);

        // 解密
        String decryptText = null;
        try {
            decryptText = AESUtil.decrypt(text);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new ParamException("解密失败");
        }

        if (StringUtils.isBlank(decryptText)) {
            throw new ParamException("解密失败");
        }

        // 放入解密之后的数据
        request.setAttribute(CryptoConstant.INPUT_DECRYPT_DATA, decryptText);

        // 获取结果
        Object result = objectMapper.readValue(decryptText, body.getClass());

        // 强制所有实体类必须继承RequestBase类,设置时间戳
        if (result instanceof RequestBase) {
            // 获取时间戳
            Long currentTimeMillis = ((RequestBase) result).getCurrentTimeMillis();
            // 有效期 60秒
            long effective = 60*1000;

            // 时间差
            long expire = System.currentTimeMillis() - currentTimeMillis;

            // 是否在有效期内
            if (Math.abs(expire) > effective) {
                throw new ParamException("时间戳不合法");
            }

            // 返回解密之后的数据
            return result;
        } else {
            throw new ParamException(String.format("请求参数类型:%s 未继承:%s", result.getClass().getName(), RequestBase.class.getName()));
        }
    }

    /**
     * 如果body为空,转为空对象
     * @param body spring解析完的参数
     * @param inputMessage 输入参数
     * @param parameter 参数对象
     * @param targetType 参数类型
     * @param converterType 消息转换类型
     * @return 真实的参数
     */
    @SneakyThrows
    @Override
    public Object handleEmptyBody(Object body, HttpInputMessage inputMessage, MethodParameter parameter, Type targetType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
        String typeName = targetType.getTypeName();
        Class<?> bodyClass = Class.forName(typeName);
        return bodyClass.newInstance();
    }
}

EncryptResponseBodyAdvice 相应自动加密

package xyz.hlh.crypto.advice;

import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import lombok.SneakyThrows;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.core.MethodParameter;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.http.converter.HttpMessageConverter;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpRequest;
import org.springframework.http.server.ServerHttpResponse;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ControllerAdvice;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ResponseBodyAdvice;
import sun.reflect.generics.reflectiveObjects.ParameterizedTypeImpl;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.exception.CryptoException;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.RequestBase;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.util.AESUtil;

import java.lang.reflect.Type;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description:
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 15:12
 */
@ControllerAdvice
public class EncryptResponseBodyAdvice implements ResponseBodyAdvice<Result<?>> {

    @Autowired
    private ObjectMapper objectMapper;

    @Override
    public boolean supports(MethodParameter returnType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> converterType) {
        ParameterizedTypeImpl genericParameterType = (ParameterizedTypeImpl)returnType.getGenericParameterType();

        // 如果直接是Result,则返回
        if (genericParameterType.getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) {
            return true;
        }

        if (genericParameterType.getRawType() != ResponseEntity.class) {
            return false;
        }

        // 如果是ResponseEntity<Result>
        for (Type type : genericParameterType.getActualTypeArguments()) {
            if (((ParameterizedTypeImpl) type).getRawType() == Result.class && returnType.hasMethodAnnotation(EncryptionAnnotation.class)) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    @SneakyThrows
    @Override
    public Result<?> beforeBodyWrite(Result<?> body, MethodParameter returnType, MediaType selectedContentType, Class<? extends HttpMessageConverter<?>> selectedConverterType, ServerHttpRequest request, ServerHttpResponse response) {

        // 加密
        Object data = body.getData();

        // 如果data为空,直接返回
        if (data == null) {
            return body;
        }

        // 如果是实体,并且继承了Request,则放入时间戳
        if (data instanceof RequestBase) {
            ((RequestBase)data).setCurrentTimeMillis(System.currentTimeMillis());
        }

        String dataText = JSONUtil.toJsonStr(data);

        // 如果data为空,直接返回
        if (StringUtils.isBlank(dataText)) {
            return body;
        }

        // 如果位数小于16,报错
        if (dataText.length() < 16) {
            throw new CryptoException("加密失败,数据小于16位");
        }

        String encryptText = AESUtil.encryptHex(dataText);

        return Result.builder()
                .status(body.getStatus())
                .data(encryptText)
                .message(body.getMessage())
                .build();
    }
}

5.4 crypto-test

5.4.1 结构

5.4.2 重要代码

application.yml 配置文件。另外,搜索公众号GitHub猿后台回复“赚钱”,获取一份惊喜礼包。

spring:
        mvc:
        format:
        date-time: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss
        date: yyyy-MM-dd
        # 日期格式化
        jackson:
        date-format: yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss

Teacher 实体类

package xyz.hlh.crypto.entity;

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.EqualsAndHashCode;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import org.hibernate.validator.constraints.Range;

import javax.validation.constraints.NotBlank;
import javax.validation.constraints.NotNull;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.Date;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description: Teacher实体类,使用SpringBoot的validation校验
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 10:21
 */
@Data
@NoArgsConstructor
@AllArgsConstructor
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = true)
public class Teacher extends RequestBase implements Serializable {

    @NotBlank(message = "姓名不能为空")
    private String name;
    @NotNull(message = "年龄不能为空")
    @Range(min = 0, max = 150, message = "年龄不合法")
    private Integer age;
    @NotNull(message = "生日不能为空")
    private Date birthday;

}

TestController 测试Controllerbu

package xyz.hlh.crypto.controller;

import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.DecryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.annotation.EncryptionAnnotation;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.Result;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.common.entity.ResultBuilder;
import xyz.hlh.crypto.entity.Teacher;

/**
 * @author HLH
 * @description: 测试Controller
 * @email [email protected]
 * @date : Created in 2022/2/4 9:16
 */
@RestController
public class TestController implements ResultBuilder {

    /**
     * 直接返回对象,不加密
     * @param teacher Teacher对象
     * @return 不加密的对象
     */
    @PostMapping("/get")
    public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> get(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
        return success(teacher);
    }

    /**
     * 返回加密后的数据
     * @param teacher Teacher对象
     * @return 返回加密后的数据 ResponseBody<Result>格式
     */
    @PostMapping("/encrypt")
    @EncryptionAnnotation
    public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> encrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
        return success(teacher);
    }

    /**
     * 返回加密后的数据
     * @param teacher Teacher对象
     * @return 返回加密后的数据 Result格式
     */
    @PostMapping("/encrypt1")
    @EncryptionAnnotation
    public Result<?> encrypt1(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
        return success(teacher).getBody();
    }

    /**
     * 返回解密后的数据
     * @param teacher Teacher对象
     * @return 返回解密后的数据
     */
    @PostMapping("/decrypt")
    @DecryptionAnnotation
    public ResponseEntity<Result<?>> decrypt(@Validated @RequestBody Teacher teacher) {
        return success(teacher);
    }

}

注:文中部分来源于网络