Linux文本处理指令vi-man帮助手册

VIM(1) General Commands Manual VIM(1)

NAME
vim - Vi IMproved, a programmer's text editor

SYNOPSIS
vim [options] 下载地址
vim [options] -
vim [options] -t tag
vim [options] -q [errorfile]

ex gex
view
gvim gview vimx evim eview
rvim rview rgvim rgview

DESCRIPTION
Vim is a text editor that is upwards compatible to Vi. It can be used to edit all
kinds of plain text. It is especially useful for editing programs.

There are a lot of enhancements above Vi: multi level undo, multi windows and buf‐
fers, syntax highlighting, command line editing, filename completion, on-line help,
visual selection, etc.. See ":help vi_diff.txt" for a summary of the differences be‐
tween Vim and Vi.

While running Vim a lot of help can be obtained from the on-line help system, with
the ":help" command. See the ON-LINE HELP section below.

Most often Vim is started to edit a single file with the command

vim file

More generally Vim is started with:

vim [options] [filelist]

If the filelist is missing, the editor will start with an empty buffer. Otherwise
exactly one out of the following four may be used to choose one or more files to be
edited.

file .. A list of filenames. The first one will be the current file and read
into the buffer. The cursor will be positioned on the first line of the
buffer. You can get to the other files with the ":next" command. To
edit a file that starts with a dash, precede the filelist with "--".

- The file to edit is read from stdin. Commands are read from stderr,
which should be a TTY.

-t {tag} The file to edit and the initial cursor position depends on a "tag", a
sort of goto label. {tag} is looked up in the tags file, the associated
file becomes the current file and the associated command is executed.
Mostly this is used for C programs, in which case {tag} could be a func‐
tion name. The effect is that the file containing that function becomes
the current file and the cursor is positioned on the start of the func‐
tion. See ":help tag-commands".

-q [errorfile]
Start in quickFix mode. The file [errorfile] is read and the first error
is displayed. If [errorfile] is omitted, the filename is obtained from
the 'errorfile' option (defaults to "AztecC.Err" for the Amiga, "er‐
rors.err" on other systems). Further errors can be jumped to with the
":cn" command. See ":help quickfix".

Vim behaves differently, depending on the name of the command (the executable may
still be the same file).

vim The "normal" way, everything is default.

ex Start in Ex mode. Go to Normal mode with the ":vi" command. Can also be
done with the "-e" argument.

view Start in read-only mode. You will be protected from writing the files.
Can also be done with the "-R" argument.

gvim gview
The GUI version. Starts a new window.

gex Starts a new gvim window in Ex mode. Can also be done with the "-e" argu‐
ment to gvim

vimx Starts gvim in "Vi" mode similar to "vim", but with additional features
like xterm clipboard support

evim eview
The GUI version in easy mode. Starts a new window. Can also be done with
the "-y" argument.

rvim rview rgvim rgview
Like the above, but with restrictions. It will not be possible to start
shell commands, or suspend Vim. Can also be done with the "-Z" argument.

OPTIONS
The options may be given in any order, before or after filenames. Options without an
argument can be combined after a single dash.

+[num] For the first file the cursor will be positioned on line "num". If "num"
is missing, the cursor will be positioned on the last line.

+/{pat} For the first file the cursor will be positioned in the line with the
first occurrence of {pat}. See ":help search-pattern" for the available
search patterns.

+{command}

-c {command}
{command} will be executed after the first file has been read. {command}
is interpreted as an Ex command. If the {command} contains spaces it
must be enclosed in double quotes (this depends on the shell that is
used). Example: vim "+set si" main.c
Note: You can use up to 10 "+" or "-c" commands.

-S {file} {file} will be sourced after the first file has been read. This is
equivalent to -c "source {file}". {file} cannot start with '-'. If
{file} is omitted "Session.vim" is used (only works when -S is the last
argument).

--cmd {command}
Like using "-c", but the command is executed just before processing any
vimrc file. You can use up to 10 of these commands, independently from
"-c" commands.

-A If Vim has been compiled with ARABIC support for editing right-to-left
oriented files and Arabic keyboard mapping, this option starts Vim in
Arabic mode, i.e. 'arabic' is set. Otherwise an error message is given
and Vim aborts.

-b Binary mode. A few options will be set that makes it possible to edit a
binary or executable file.

-C Compatible. Set the 'compatible' option. This will make Vim behave
mostly like Vi, even though a .vimrc file exists.

-d Start in diff mode. There should be two, three or four file name argu‐
ments. Vim will open all the files and show differences between them.
Works like vimdiff(1).

-d {device} Open {device} for use as a terminal. Only on the Amiga. Example: "-d
con:20/30/600/150".

-D Debugging. Go to debugging mode when executing the first command from a
script.

-e Start Vim in Ex mode, just like the executable was called "ex".

-E Start Vim in improved Ex mode, just like the executable was called
"exim".

-f Foreground. For the GUI version, Vim will not fork and detach from the
shell it was started in. On the Amiga, Vim is not restarted to open a
new window. This option should be used when Vim is executed by a program
that will wait for the edit session to finish (e.g. mail). On the Amiga
the ":sh" and ":!" commands will not work.

--nofork Foreground. For the GUI version, Vim will not fork and detach from the
shell it was started in.

-F If Vim has been compiled with FKMAP support for editing right-to-left
oriented files and Farsi keyboard mapping, this option starts Vim in
Farsi mode, i.e. 'fkmap' and 'rightleft' are set. Otherwise an error
message is given and Vim aborts.

-g If Vim has been compiled with GUI support, this option enables the GUI.
If no GUI support was compiled in, an error message is given and Vim
aborts.

-h Give a bit of help about the command line arguments and options. After
this Vim exits.

-H If Vim has been compiled with RIGHTLEFT support for editing right-to-left
oriented files and Hebrew keyboard mapping, this option starts Vim in He‐
brew mode, i.e. 'hkmap' and 'rightleft' are set. Otherwise an error mes‐
sage is given and Vim aborts.

-i {viminfo}
Specifies the filename to use when reading or writing the viminfo file,
instead of the default "~/.viminfo". This can also be used to skip the
use of the .viminfo file, by giving the name "NONE".

-L Same as -r.

-l Lisp mode. Sets the 'lisp' and 'showmatch' options on.

-m Modifying files is disabled. Resets the 'write' option. You can still
modify the buffer, but writing a file is not possible.

-M Modifications not allowed. The 'modifiable' and 'write' options will be
unset, so that changes are not allowed and files can not be written.
Note that these options can be set to enable making modifications.

-N No-compatible mode. Resets the 'compatible' option. This will make Vim
behave a bit better, but less Vi compatible, even though a .vimrc file
does not exist.

-n No swap file will be used. Recovery after a crash will be impossible.
Handy if you want to edit a file on a very slow medium (e.g. floppy).
Can also be done with ":set uc=0". Can be undone with ":set uc=200".

-nb Become an editor server for NetBeans. See the docs for details.

-o[N] Open N windows stacked. When N is omitted, open one window for each
file.

-O[N] Open N windows side by side. When N is omitted, open one window for each
file.

-p[N] Open N tab pages. When N is omitted, open one tab page for each file.

-R Read-only mode. The 'readonly' option will be set. You can still edit
the buffer, but will be prevented from accidentally overwriting a file.
If you do want to overwrite a file, add an exclamation mark to the Ex
command, as in ":w!". The -R option also implies the -n option (see
above). The 'readonly' option can be reset with ":set noro". See ":help
'readonly'".

-r List swap files, with information about using them for recovery.

-r {file} Recovery mode. The swap file is used to recover a crashed editing ses‐
sion. The swap file is a file with the same filename as the text file
with ".swp" appended. See ":help recovery".

-s Silent mode. Only when started as "Ex" or when the "-e" option was given
before the "-s" option.

-s {scriptin}
The script file {scriptin} is read. The characters in the file are in‐
terpreted as if you had typed them. The same can be done with the com‐
mand ":source! {scriptin}". If the end of the file is reached before the
editor exits, further characters are read from the keyboard.

-T {terminal}
Tells Vim the name of the terminal you are using. Only required when the
automatic way doesn't work. Should be a terminal known to Vim (builtin)
or defined in the termcap or terminfo file.

-u {vimrc} Use the commands in the file {vimrc} for initializations. All the other
initializations are skipped. Use this to edit a special kind of files.
It can also be used to skip all initializations by giving the name
"NONE". See ":help initialization" within vim for more details.

-U {gvimrc} Use the commands in the file {gvimrc} for GUI initializations. All the
other GUI initializations are skipped. It can also be used to skip all
GUI initializations by giving the name "NONE". See ":help gui-init"
within vim for more details.

-V[N] Verbose. Give messages about which files are sourced and for reading and
writing a viminfo file. The optional number N is the value for 'ver‐
bose'. Default is 10.

-v Start Vim in Vi mode, just like the executable was called "vi". This
only has effect when the executable is called "ex".

-w {scriptout}
All the characters that you type are recorded in the file {scriptout},
until you exit Vim. This is useful if you want to create a script file
to be used with "vim -s" or ":source!". If the {scriptout} file exists,
characters are appended.

-W {scriptout}
Like -w, but an existing file is overwritten.

-x Use encryption when writing files. Will prompt for a crypt key.

-X Don't connect to the X server. Shortens startup time in a terminal, but
the window title and clipboard will not be used.

-y Start Vim in easy mode, just like the executable was called "evim" or
"eview". Makes Vim behave like a click-and-type editor.

-Z Restricted mode. Works like the executable starts with "r".

-- Denotes the end of the options. Arguments after this will be handled as
a file name. This can be used to edit a filename that starts with a '-'.

--echo-wid GTK GUI only: Echo the Window ID on stdout.

--help Give a help message and exit, just like "-h".

--literal Take file name arguments literally, do not expand wildcards. This has no
effect on Unix where the shell expands wildcards.

--noplugin Skip loading plugins. Implied by -u NONE.

--remote Connect to a Vim server and make it edit the files given in the rest of
the arguments. If no server is found a warning is given and the files
are edited in the current Vim.

--remote-expr {expr}
Connect to a Vim server, evaluate {expr} in it and print the result on
stdout.

--remote-send {keys}
Connect to a Vim server and send {keys} to it.

--remote-silent
As --remote, but without the warning when no server is found.

--remote-wait
As --remote, but Vim does not exit until the files have been edited.

--remote-wait-silent
As --remote-wait, but without the warning when no server is found.

--remote-tab[-wait][-silent]
As --remote but use tab page per file

--role Set a unique role to identify the main window

--serverlist
List the names of all Vim servers that can be found.

--servername {name}
Use {name} as the server name. Used for the current Vim, unless used
with a --remote argument, then it's the name of the server to connect to.

--socketid {id}
GTK GUI only: Use the GtkPlug mechanism to run gvim in another window.

--startuptime {file}
During startup write timing messages to the file {fname}.

--version Print version information and exit.

ON-LINE HELP
Type ":help" in Vim to get started. Type ":help subject" to get help on a specific
subject. For example: ":help ZZ" to get help for the "ZZ" command. Use <Tab> and
CTRL-D to complete subjects (":help cmdline-completion"). Tags are present to jump
from one place to another (sort of hypertext links, see ":help"). All documentation
files can be viewed in this way, for example ":help syntax.txt".

FILES
/usr/share/vim/vim82/doc/*.txt
The Vim documentation files. Use ":help doc-file-list" to get the
complete list.

/usr/share/vim/vim82/doc/tags
The tags file used for finding information in the documentation files.

/usr/share/vim/vim82/syntax/syntax.vim
System wide syntax initializations.

/usr/share/vim/vim82/syntax/*.vim
Syntax files for various languages.

/etc/vimrc System wide Vim initializations.

~/.vimrc Your personal Vim initializations.

/etc/gvimrc System wide gvim initializations.

~/.gvimrc Your personal gvim initializations.

/usr/share/vim/vim82/optwin.vim
Script used for the ":options" command, a nice way to view and set op‐
tions.

/usr/share/vim/vim82/menu.vim
System wide menu initializations for gvim.

/usr/share/vim/vim82/bugreport.vim
Script to generate a bug report. See ":help bugs".

/usr/share/vim/vim82/filetype.vim
Script to detect the type of a file by its name. See ":help 'file‐
type'".

/usr/share/vim/vim82/scripts.vim
Script to detect the type of a file by its contents. See ":help
'filetype'".

/usr/share/vim/vim82/print/*.ps
Files used for PostScript printing.

For recent info read the VIM home page:
<URL:http://www.vim.org/>